Access Control Systems: Design Best Practices

In a world where security is a priority, access control systems have become an essential tool for managing and protecting physical and digital facilities. These systems allow for authorizing, recording and monitoring access to restricted areas, contributing to the security of people, assets and critical data. However, poor design can leave significant vulnerabilities, compromising their effectiveness and overall security.

In this note, we will address the applicable regulations, risks, best design practices, key aspects and common errors in the implementation of access control systems, offering a comprehensive guide to ensure their effectiveness.

Key Regulations for Access Control Systems

Regulatory compliance is essential to ensure the functionality and security of access control systems. Key regulations include:

1. International Regulations

• ISO/IEC 27001: Global standard for information security management, including requirements for physical and logical access control.

• ISO/IEC 24760: Standards on identity management and personal data protection in access control systems.

• NFPA 730: Provides guidelines for physical security systems, including access controls and intrusion detection.

2. Local Regulations

• Law No. 19,628 (Chile): Regulates the protection of personal data, applicable to access control systems that collect user information.

• National Electrical Regulation: Establishes guidelines for the safe electrical installation of electronic equipment, including access control systems.

Risks Associated with Access Control Systems

Poor design or incorrect implementation can expose organizations to a variety of risks, including:

1. Unauthorized Access:

   • Authentication failures may allow unauthorized persons to access restricted areas.

2. Data Breach:

   • The collection of personal data on poorly protected systems can lead to information theft.

3. Operational Failures:

   • Errors in integration with other systems can cause interruptions in authorized access.

4. Security Attacks:

   • Lack of encryption of login data can expose the system to cyber attacks.

5. Energy Dependence:

   • Systems without electrical backup can become inoperative during power outages, compromising safety.

   
   

Best Practices for Access Control System Design

An efficient design must integrate advanced technologies with a robust security strategy. Here are best practices to consider:

1. Needs Assessment

• Conduct a detailed analysis to identify critical areas and required access levels.

• Categorize access points according to their importance and sensitivity.

2. Use of Modern Technologies

• Implement advanced solutions such as smart cards, biometrics (fingerprints, facial recognition) and PIN codes.

• Integrate physical access control with digital management systems for greater efficiency.

3. Data Security

• Use end-to-end encryption to protect authentication data.

• Ensure that systems comply with data protection regulations, such as GDPR or local laws.

4. Redundancy and Energy Backup

• Incorporate power backup systems (UPS) to maintain operations during power outages.

• Design redundancy into servers and networks to avoid interruptions.

5. Monitoring and Auditing

• Implement activity logs to monitor and audit system usage.

• Set up alerts for unauthorized access attempts.

6. Scalability

• Design systems that allow adding access points or users without requiring a complete restructuring.

Relevant Aspects in the Design of Access Control Systems

1. Integration with Other Systems:

   • Connect access control with video surveillance, alarm and building management systems for comprehensive security.

2. Ease of Use:

   • Design user-friendly interfaces for system administrators and minimize operational errors.

3. Access Zoning:

   • Set access levels for different users based on their role or need.

4. Accessibility Standards:

   • Ensure that systems are accessible to people with disabilities, complying with inclusion regulations.

5. Physical Protection of Equipment:

   • Locate readers, controllers and servers in secure areas to prevent tampering.

   
   

Common Errors in Access Control System Design

An inadequate design can compromise the safety and operability of the system. Common errors include:

1. Underestimation of the Number of Users:

   • Failure to anticipate future capacity can overwhelm the system or limit its functionality.

2. Lack of Redundancy:

   • Failure to include backups for power or servers can result in inoperability in the event of technical failures.

3. Poor Integration:

   • Systems not compatible with other security solutions can create operational gaps.

4. Insecure Data Handling:

   • Ignoring data protection regulations can lead to legal penalties and loss of trust.

5. Incorrect Technology Selection:

   • Using obsolete devices or those not adapted to specific needs compromises security.

6. Failure to Perform Pre-Tests:

   • Implementing the system without thorough testing may reveal flaws once in operation.

   
   

Conclusion

An efficient access control system not only protects facilities and assets, but also improves the organization's operational efficiency and confidence in security. Designing and implementing these systems requires a comprehensive approach that combines regulations, advanced technologies and a detailed risk analysis.

At Acciomate Engineering & Projects , we are experts in the design and development of customized, secure and scalable access control solutions. We work with the latest technologies to ensure that your facilities are protected against any eventuality.